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The Enduring Legacy of Black Mothers: Shaping Civil Rights and Educational Empowerment

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The Enduring Legacy of Black Mothers: Shaping Civil Rights and Educational Empowerment

Mother’s Day is a time to celebrate the women who’ve nurtured us with their hands, prayers, stories, and strength. But today, I want to center a specific kind of love: the legacy-building, soul-sustaining, world-shaping love of Black mothers.

This is a love that has had to fight to exist. And still, it cooks. It braids. It sings. It resists. It holds generations together when everything else falls apart.

As a mom myself, and as someone who stands in awe of my mother and her mother before her, I write this in honor of them- and in honor of all Black mothers whose love has shaped families, communities, and the very course of history. As I work on my new short film about Black motherhood, I wanted to share a few raw clips showing how deep that love runs.

Who Is a Mother? The Power of “Motherwork”

When we speak of Black mothers in the context of civil rights and education, it’s important to recognize that not all Black women leaders in these movements were mothers in the biological sense. The historical record sometimes emphasizes their roles as women or community leaders rather than specifying their parental status. Yet, the use of the term “mother” in movement contexts is also deeply symbolic, reflecting the nurturing, protective, and community-building roles that many Black women assumed-whether or not they had children of their own.

“Motherwork” is the nurturing, protective, and community-building labor Black women perform, regardless of biological motherhood. It is central to Black women’s activism-balancing caregiving with a commitment to social justice and community uplift. Black women have long taken on the role of “mom” for entire communities, acting as “othermothers” who care for children beyond their own families, providing stability, guidance, and love to neighbourhoods and extended networks.

This activist mothering is a form of resistance and revolutionary praxis. Through “motherwork,” Black women have used storytelling, advocacy, and organizing to challenge oppression and create new pathways for change. Their mothering extended beyond their households, encompassing neighborhoods, congregations, and movements. In this way, the legacy of Black motherhood is both literal and symbolic, rooted in everyday acts of care, guidance, and fierce advocacy that define community leadership.

Illustrating “Motherwork” in Black Women’s Activism

To bring “motherwork” to life for your readers, consider these approaches:

  • Highlight the Role of “Othermothers”:
    In Black communities, women often act as “community othermothers,” caring for and mentoring children whose parents may need support. This tradition has deep roots in African American culture and is a testament to collective responsibility.
  • Showcase Activist Mothering as Resistance:
    Black women’s community work-organizing, teaching, providing mutual aid-has always been both a survival strategy and a form of activism. Their “motherwork” has challenged injustice and built new futures.
  • Historical Records and Examples:
    • The Harlem Nine: A group of Black mothers who organized a lawsuit against New York City’s Board of Education in the 1950s, demanding equal educational opportunities for all children.
    • Anna Arnold Hedgeman: A leader who advanced Black freedom and community well-being by navigating male-dominated and white-dominated organizations.
    • Harriet Tubman: Often called the “Moses” of her people, she was a mother to many, guiding enslaved people to freedom.
    • Fannie Lou Hamer: Mothered a movement through her organizing, advocacy, and care for activists.
  • Personal Stories or Film Clips:
    Share vignettes from your short film showing Black women gathering neighborhood children, leading community meetings, or supporting one another through hardship. Use quotes from interviews or oral histories that capture the instinctive, everyday nature of this “motherwork.”
  • Visuals:
    Include archival photos of Black women in community settings- organizing, teaching, feeding children, or leading marches- to visually reinforce the collective and nurturing dimensions of motherwork.
Illustration MethodExample or Source
Definition/Explanation“Motherwork” as nurturing, community-building labor
Historical ExampleHarlem Nine’s legal activism for school equity
OthermotheringCommunity women caring for extended networks
Personal Story/Film ClipScenes of Black women leading, supporting, and organizing
Archival PhotoImages of women in church groups, schools, protests

Black Mothers and the Civil Rights Movement

Black mothers and women who embodied the spirit of motherwork were pivotal in both grassroots and national civil rights efforts, often acting as the backbone of the movement even when denied formal recognition. Their activism took many forms:

  • Strategic Organizers and Leaders:
    Women like Ella Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Septima Clark were instrumental in organizing, mentoring, and leading key civil rights organizations such as the NAACP, SCLC, and SNCC. Baker’s philosophy of participatory democracy and bottom-up leadership influenced generations of activists and shaped the movement’s direction.
  • Mothers Who Inspired Leaders:
    The mothers of Martin Luther King Jr. (Alberta King), Malcolm X (Louise Little), and James Baldwin (Berdis Baldwin) provided not only guidance and emotional support but also instilled the values of dignity, resistance, and hope in their children. These values became the foundation for their children’s transformative activism.
Black Mother's
  • Catalysts for Change:
    Mamie Till-Mobley’s decision to hold an open-casket funeral for her son Emmett Till exposed the brutality of racism to the world and galvanized the movement. Other women, such as Claudette Colvin and Daisy Bates, played direct roles in landmark legal battles and desegregation efforts.
  • Sustaining the Movement:
    Black mothers and mother-figures often maintained the daily operations of the movement, organizing community support, providing safe havens, and ensuring the continuity of activism even in the face of violence and adversity.

Black Mothers and Educational Empowerment

The fight for educational equity and literacy has long been championed by Black mothers and mother-figures, who see education as a pathway to liberation and generational advancement:

  • Challenging Inequity:
    Black mothers have led efforts to dismantle segregated and under-resourced schools. The Harlem Nine, for example, filed suit against New York City’s Board of Education, demanding equal educational opportunities for their children and challenging discriminatory zoning policies. Their activism continues today, as mothers advocate for resources, support, and culturally relevant curricula.
  • Promoting Literacy and Achievement:
    Black mothers have historically promoted literacy at home and in their communities, recognizing its critical role in economic independence and social mobility. Their involvement-reading with children, advocating for better schools, and sometimes homeschooling-directly supports academic achievement.
  • Multi-Generational Impact:
    The educational attainment of Black mothers has a cascading effect on their children’s success. When mothers face barriers to education, their children often experience lower academic and socio-emotional outcomes. Conversely, empowered and educated mothers foster resilience, intellectual growth, and higher achievement in the next generation.
  • Visionaries for Change:
    Black mothers continually reimagine what education should be, advocating for safe, high-quality, and inclusive environments. They validate diverse sources of knowledge and build strong family-school-community partnerships to ensure their children thrive.

A Lasting Influence

Black mothers-in both the literal and symbolic sense-have shaped America by fueling both the civil rights movement and the ongoing struggle for educational justice. Their leadership, advocacy, and unwavering belief in a better future have left an indelible mark on the nation’s conscience and continue to inspire new generations.

“They gave of themselves to a larger movement for Black freedom. This gift they granted all of us was not something that happened unintentionally…they believed not only in their own lives but in ours as well.”

  • Anna Malaika Tubbs, The Three Mothers

As we honor Black mothers this Mother’s Day, let us celebrate their courage, vision, and enduring legacy-a legacy that continues to move us all toward justice, equality, and hope.

To the Black Mothers Who Built Us — and the Legacy They Leave” by Tellers Untold

Happy Mother’s Day!

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Black Women in History: A Comprehensive Timeline 1711-2022

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Black Women in History: A Comprehensive Timeline 1711-2022

Introduction

From the early days of American history to the present, Black women have been trailblazers, innovators, and leaders in every field imaginable. Their stories, often overlooked or untold, form a rich tapestry of resilience, brilliance, and determination that has shaped our nation’s history. This timeline takes us on a journey through three centuries, highlighting the remarkable achievements and contributions of Black women who defied odds, broke barriers, and paved the way for future generations.

As we explore this timeline, we’ll witness the evolution of Black women’s roles in American society, from the dark days of slavery to the halls of the Supreme Court. We’ll meet poets and politicians, educators and entrepreneurs, activists and artists. Each woman’s story is a testament to the indomitable spirit that has driven progress in the face of overwhelming adversity.

18th and Early 19th Century

In the earliest days of our nation, Black women were already making their mark. Lucy Terry Prince, a formerly enslaved woman, composed “Bars Fight” in 1711, the earliest known poem by an African American1. This period also saw the arrival of Phillis Wheatley in Boston in 1761, who would become the first African American woman to publish a book of poetry1.

The late 18th century brought both struggle and triumph. Sally Hemings, an enslaved woman, negotiated a form of quasi-freedom for her children fathered by Thomas Jefferson in 17931. In 1797, Sojourner Truth was born, destined to become a prominent abolitionist and women’s rights activist1.

  • 1711: Lucy Terry Prince, a formerly enslaved woman, composes Bars Fight, the earliest known poem by an African American.
  • 1761: Phillis Wheatley arrives in Boston and becomes the first African American woman to publish a book of poetry.
  • 1793: Sally Hemings, an enslaved woman, negotiates a form of quasi-freedom for her children fathered by Thomas Jefferson.
  • 1797: Sojourner Truth is born, later becoming a prominent abolitionist and women’s rights activist.
  • 1818: Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett), an enslaved woman who successfully sued for her freedom in Massachusetts, passes away.
  • 1822: Harriet Tubman is born, later becoming a key figure in the Underground Railroad.

Mid to Late 19th Century

The 19th century saw Black women making strides in education, law, and activism. Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler, born in 1831, would become the first African-American woman to earn a medical degree in 18641. In 1872, Charlotte Ray broke barriers by becoming the first Black woman lawyer in the United States1.

This era also saw the rise of powerful voices for change. In 1851, Sojourner Truth delivered her famous “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech, challenging societal norms and advocating for women’s rights1. Ida B. Wells-Barnett began her anti-lynching campaign in 1892, using journalism to expose racial injustice1.

  • 1831: Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler is born. She would become the first African-American woman to earn a medical degree in 1864.
  • 1837: Fannie Jackson Coppin is born, later becoming one of the first Black women to earn a college degree and a pioneering educator.
  • 1849: Charlotte Forten Grimké, an abolitionist and educator, is born. She later becomes one of the first Black teachers to instruct formerly enslaved children.
  • 1851: Sojourner Truth delivers her famous Ain’t I a Woman? speech.
  • 1852: Mary Ellen Pleasant moves to San Francisco, becoming a successful entrepreneur and using her wealth to combat racism.
  • 1863: Mary Church Terrell is born, later becoming a founding member of the NAACP.
  • 1864: Rebecca Lee Crumpler becomes the first Black American woman to receive a medical degree, graduating from the New England Female Medical College.
  • 1866: Sarah E. Goode becomes one of the first African-American women to receive a U.S. patent, for her invention of a foldable bed cabinet.
  • 1872: Charlotte Ray became the first Black woman lawyer in the United States.
  • 1879: Mary Eliza Mahoney becomes the first Black American to earn a professional nursing license.
  • 1883: Maria Baldwin becomes the first Black woman to be appointed principal of a predominantly white school in the U.S.
  • 1892: Ida B. Wells-Barnett begins her anti-lynching campaign.
  • 1884: Judy W. Reed is one of the first African American woman to receive a U.S. patent invention titled “Dough Kneader and Roller”
  • 1896: The National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (NACW) is formed.
  • 1897: Julia C. Addington, an educator, becomes one of the first Black women to hold public office in the U.S.
Black women

Early 20th Century

The dawn of the 20th century brought new opportunities and challenges. Mary McLeod Bethune founded what would later become Bethune-Cookman College in Florida in 1903, paving the way for Black education1. In 1922, Bessie Coleman soared into history as the first Black woman in the U.S. to make a public flight1.

  • 1903: Mary McLeod Bethune founds what would later become Bethune-Cookman College in Florida.
  • 1904: Mary McLeod Bethune founds the Daytona Literary and Industrial Training Institute for Negro Girls, which later becomes Bethune-Cookman University.
  • 1908: Jane Bolin is born. She would become the first Black woman to graduate from Yale Law School and the first Black female judge in the United States.
  • 1910: Alice Dunbar Nelson, a poet and journalist, becomes an influential voice in the Harlem Renaissance.
  • 1912: Augusta Savage, a sculptor and civil rights activist, is born. She later mentors young Black artists during the Harlem Renaissance.
  • 1917: Madam C.J. Walker, the first self-made female millionaire in the U.S., builds a business empire in hair and beauty products for Black women.
  • 1922: Bessie Coleman becomes the first Black woman in the U.S. to make a public flight.
  • 1923: Fannie Barrier Williams co-founds the National League of Colored Women.
  • 1925: Anna Julia Cooper becomes the first African American woman to receive her PhD in History and Romance Languages from the University of Paris.
  • 1929: Dorothy Height, an activist for civil rights and women’s rights, is born. She later becomes the president of the National Council of Negro Women.

Mid 20th Century

The mid-20th century was a time of significant social change, with Black women at the forefront. Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955 became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement1. In 1968, Shirley Chisholm made history as the first Black woman elected to Congress1.

  • 1935: Mary McLeod Bethune founds the National Council of Negro Women.
  • 1936: Mary McLeod Bethune is appointed to the National Youth Administration by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, becoming part of his influential “Black Cabinet.”
  • 1937: Zora Neale Hurston publishes Their Eyes Were Watching God, a seminal novel in African American literature.
  • 1939: Claudette Colvin is born. At 15, she would refuse to give up her bus seat, preceding Rosa Parks’ act.
  • 1940: Hattie McDaniel becomes the first Black woman to win an Academy Award for Gone with the Wind.
  • 1945: Sister Rosetta Tharpe, The Godmother of Rock ‘N’ Roll, gains popularity, influencing future rock and roll artists.
  • 1950: Gwendolyn Brooks becomes the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection Annie Allen.
  • 1952: Althea Gibson becomes the first Black woman to compete in the U.S. National Tennis Championships.
  • 1955: Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus.
  • 1957: Daisy Bates plays a crucial role in the desegregation of Arkansas schools, particularly in supporting and guiding the Little Rock Nine as they integrate Central High School.
    1959 Miriam Makeba (1932-2008): Include her U.S. debut in 1959 and her role in popularizing African music globally3
  • 1960: At age 6, Ruby Bridges became the first Black student to racially integrate an all-white school.
  • 1960 Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to win three gold medals in a single Olympic Games.2
  • 1962 and 1964: Makeba testified against apartheid before the United Nations, using her growing international platform to raise awareness about the situation in South Africa13
  • 1962: Mae Jemison is born. She would later become the first African American woman in space.
  • 1965: The Voting Rights Act is passed, representing over a century of work by Black women to make voting more equitable.
  • 1965: Makeba won a Grammy Award with Harry Belafonte for their album “An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba”29
  • 1968: Shirley Chisholm becomes the first Black woman elected to Congress.

Late 20th Century to Present

In recent decades, Black women have continued to break new ground. Mae Jemison became the first African American woman in space in 19921. In 2021, Kamala Harris was sworn in as the first woman, first Black person, and first person of South Asian descent to become Vice President of the United States1. Most recently, in 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson made history as the first African-American woman appointed to the Supreme Court1.

  • 1972: Shirley Chisholm becomes the first Black candidate for a major party’s nomination for President of the United States.
  • 1973: Barbara Jordan becomes the first Black woman from the South elected to Congress.
  • 1977: Wangari Maathai establishes the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, an environmental non-governmental organization focused on planting trees, environmental conservation, and women’s rights.
  • 1983: Alice Walker publishes The Color Purple, later adapted into a film and Broadway musical.
  • 1992: Mae Jemison becomes the first African American woman in space.
  • 1999: Oprah Winfrey launches O, The Oprah Magazine, further solidifying her influence as a media mogul.
  • 2002: Halle Berry became the first Black woman to win an Academy Award for Best Actress.
  • 2004: Wangari Maathai becomes the first Black African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy, and peace.
  • 2008: Michelle Obama becomes the first Black First Lady of the United States.
  • 2013: Misty Copeland becomes the first Black principal dancer at the American Ballet Theatre.
  • 2015: Misty Copeland was the first Black principal ballerina at the American Ballet Theatre.
  • 2020: Stacey Abrams plays a crucial role in voter mobilization efforts in Georgia.
  • 2021: Kamala Harris is sworn in as the first woman, first Black person, and first person of South Asian descent to become Vice President of the United States.
  • 2022: Ketanji Brown Jackson becomes the first African-American woman appointed to the Supreme Court.

Conclusion

As we reflect on this timeline, it’s clear that the story of Black women in America is one of perseverance, courage, and triumph. From Lucy Terry Prince’s pioneering poetry to Ketanji Brown Jackson’s groundbreaking Supreme Court appointment, Black women have consistently pushed boundaries and redefined what’s possible. Their contributions have not only enriched Black history but have fundamentally shaped American history as a whole.

This timeline serves as a reminder of the power of determination and the importance of representation. It challenges us to recognize and celebrate the often-overlooked contributions of Black women throughout our nation’s history. As we look to the future, we can draw inspiration from these remarkable women, knowing that their legacy continues to light the way for generations to come.

Phillis Wheatley: 25 fascinating facts

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Phillis Wheatley: 25 fascinating facts

Phillis Wheatley, a name that should be etched in the annals of American history, remains largely unknown to many. Yet, her story is one of remarkable resilience, intellectual prowess, and groundbreaking achievement. Here are 25 fascinating facts about Phillis Wheatley that highlight her significance and why we should celebrate her legacy:

  1. Born in West Africa around 1753, Wheatley was kidnapped and sold into slavery at the age of seven or eight7.
  2. She arrived in Boston in 1761 on a slave ship named “The Phillis,” from which she derived her first name6.
  3. Purchased by John and Susanna Wheatley, she was named after the ship that brought her to America8.
  4. Wheatley learned to read and write English within 16 months of her arrival in America, displaying extraordinary intellectual capacity1.
  5. She became fluent in Greek and Latin, studying classical literature, geography, history, and the Bible6.
  6. At just 14 years old, Wheatley published her first poem, “On Messrs Hussey and Coffin,” in the Newport Mercury1.
  7. Wheatley’s poetry often addressed themes of religion, morality, and freedom, subtly critiquing slavery through her work9.
  8. Her book, “Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral,” published in 1773, made her the first African American and third woman in America to publish a book of poetry17.
  9. Wheatley’s authenticity was challenged, leading to her defense of her work before a panel of 18 prominent Bostonians in 17722.
  10. She was the first African American woman to make a living from her writing1.
  11. Wheatley’s work was praised by prominent figures like Voltaire and George Washington7.
  12. She wrote a poem in honor of George Washington, which led to an invitation to his house for a private reading1.
  13. Wheatley was emancipated shortly after the publication of her book in 17737.
  14. She married John Peters in 1778, with whom she had three children, all of whom died in infancy17.
  15. Despite her fame, Wheatley died in poverty at the young age of 311.
  16. Her work inspired other enslaved individuals, such as Jupiter Hammon, who wrote “An Address to Miss Phillis Wheatley” in 17783.
  17. Wheatley’s poetry played a crucial role in challenging prevailing notions about the intellectual capabilities of enslaved people3.
  18. She is credited with helping to create the foundation of African American literature3.
  19. Wheatley’s work forced American society to reckon with the hypocrisy of slavery in the context of the ideals of the American Revolution9.
  20. Her elegy for George Whitefield in 1770 expanded her renown due to its widespread publication and impressive language2.
  21. Wheatley was the first globally recognized African American female poet, coming to prominence during the American Revolutionary period5.
  22. She maintained a long-distance friendship and correspondence with Obour Tanner, another enslaved woman from Rhode Island6.
  23. Wheatley’s book arrived in Boston on the same ship that carried tea later used in the Boston Tea Party, symbolically linking her work to the American Revolution9.
  24. In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Phillis Wheatley as one of his “100 Greatest African Americans”7.
  25. Wheatley is honored with a statue in the Boston Women’s Memorial, alongside Abigail Adams and Lucy Stone7.

Phillis Wheatley’s importance lies not only in her literary achievements but also in her role as a pioneer who challenged the racial and gender prejudices of her time. Her work served as a powerful testament to the intellectual capabilities of African Americans, contradicting the racist ideologies used to justify slavery. By mastering classical languages and producing sophisticated poetry, Wheatley forced her contemporaries to confront their biases and reconsider their assumptions about race and intelligence.

Moreover, Wheatley’s poetry subtly critiqued the institution of slavery, using her platform to advocate for freedom and equality. Her success as a published author opened doors for future generations of African American writers and intellectuals, paving the way for the rich tradition of African American literature that followed.

Conclusion

Wheatley’s life and work also highlight the complex intersections of race, gender, and class in colonial America. Despite her literary acclaim, she was not immune to the harsh realities of being a Black woman in a society built on slavery. Her struggles after emancipation, including poverty and the loss of her children, underscore the enduring challenges faced by African Americans even after gaining freedom.

In recognizing Phillis Wheatley, we acknowledge not just her individual accomplishments but also the broader struggle for equality and recognition that she represents. Her legacy reminds us of the power of education, the importance of diverse voices in literature, and the ongoing fight against racial and gender discrimination. By studying and celebrating Wheatley’s life and work, we gain a deeper understanding of American history and the foundational role that African Americans played in shaping the nation’s cultural and intellectual landscape.

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Amelia Boynton Robinson: A Trailblazer in the Civil Rights Movement

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Amelia Boynton Robinson: A Trailblazer in the Civil Rights Movement

Amelia Boynton Robinson was a remarkable figure in American history whose tireless efforts and unwavering dedication to civil rights helped shape the course of the nation. Born on August 18, 1911, in Savannah, Georgia, Boynton Robinson’s life spanned over a century, during which she witnessed and actively participated in some of the most significant events of the 20th century.

Early Life and Education

Boynton Robinson was born into a family that valued education and civic engagement. She was one of ten children, and her parents instilled in her a strong sense of social responsibility from an early age. Her mother, Anna, was particularly influential, taking young Amelia along as she advocated for women’s suffrage in rural Black communities.

At the age of 14, Boynton Robinson began her higher education journey at Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth (now Savannah State University). She later transferred to Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University), where she earned a degree in home economics. Her thirst for knowledge didn’t stop there; she continued her studies at Tennessee State University, Virginia State University, and Temple University.

Career and Activism

After working as a teacher in Georgia, Boynton Robinson moved to Selma, Alabama, where she took a position as Dallas County’s home demonstration agent with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This role allowed her to work closely with rural communities and understand their needs firsthand.

In the early 1930s, Boynton Robinson achieved a significant personal milestone by registering to vote, overcoming the discriminatory tests designed to disenfranchise Black citizens. This experience fueled her determination to fight for voting rights for all African Americans.

The Fight for Voting Rights

In 1933, Boynton Robinson, along with Reverend Frederick Reece, founded the Dallas County Voters League. This organization became a cornerstone of the voting rights movement in Selma and the surrounding areas. For decades, she worked tirelessly to register African American voters, facing numerous obstacles and threats along the way.

Her commitment to the cause never wavered. In 1964, Boynton Robinson took a bold step by running for Congress, becoming the first African American since Reconstruction and the first Black woman ever to do so in Alabama. Although she didn’t win, she secured an impressive 10% of the vote, a significant achievement given the limited number of registered Black voters at the time.

Bloody Sunday and the Voting Rights Act

The year 1965 marked a turning point in the civil rights movement, and Boynton Robinson was at the forefront. She played a crucial role in planning the Selma to Montgomery march, which aimed to draw national attention to the struggle for voting rights.

On March 7, 1965, a day that would become known as “Bloody Sunday,” Boynton Robinson led hundreds of marchers across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma. The peaceful protesters were met with brutal force by state troopers, and Boynton Robinson was among those beaten unconscious. The image of her lying on the ground, with a white trooper standing over her, became one of the most powerful symbols of the civil rights movement.

The events of Bloody Sunday shocked the nation and galvanized support for the Voting Rights Act. Boynton Robinson’s home in Selma became a meeting place for civil rights leaders, and it was there that an early draft of the Voting Rights Act was written. On August 6, 1965, she stood proudly in the White House as President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Act into law.

amelia-boynton-robinson
Boynton Robinson, third from right, at an integration march in 1964. 
Francis Miller/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Legacy and Later Years

Boynton Robinson’s activism didn’t end with the passage of the Voting Rights Act. She continued to fight for civil rights and social justice throughout her life. In 1990, she received the Martin Luther King Jr. Freedom Medal in recognition of her lifelong commitment to human rights.

In 2015, at the age of 103, Boynton Robinson returned to the Edmund Pettus Bridge to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Selma march. This time, she held hands with President Barack Obama as she crossed the bridge in a wheelchair, a powerful symbol of how far the nation had come and a reminder of the work still to be done.

Amelia Boynton Robinson passed away on August 26, 2015, at the age of 104. Her life serves as an inspiration to all who strive for equality and justice. She demonstrated that one person, armed with courage and determination, can indeed change the world.

Amelia Boynton Robinson is most known for:

  1. Amelia Boynton Robinson is most known for her pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement, particularly her involvement in the events of “Bloody Sunday” on March 7, 1965.
  2. Being a leading organizer of the Selma to Montgomery march3.
  3. Her participation in the march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge, where she was brutally beaten and tear-gassed by state troopers38.
  4. The iconic photograph of her unconscious body on the Edmund Pettus Bridge, which drew national attention to the struggle for African American voting rights310.
Amelia Boynton Robinson
Amelia Boynton Robinson lying unconscious on the Edmund Pettus Bridge is a powerful image that drew national attention to the struggle for African American voting rights. This photograph was taken on March 7, 1965, during the event known as “Bloody Sunday,” when peaceful civil rights demonstrators were brutally attacked by law enforcement as they attempted to march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.
  1. Her long-standing commitment to voting rights activism, including co-founding the Dallas County Voters League in 193314.
  2. Becoming the first African American woman to run for Congress in Alabama in 1964412.
  3. Her crucial role in inviting Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to Selma to help secure voting rights for African Americans12.
  4. Being present at the White House when President Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law in 19651.

Boynton Robinson’s courageous actions and lifelong dedication to civil rights made her a symbol of the movement and contributed significantly to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 196510.

Conclusion

As we reflect on Boynton Robinson’s life, we are reminded of the power of perseverance, the importance of civic engagement, and the ongoing struggle for equal rights. Her story teaches us that progress is possible, but it requires dedication, sacrifice, and a willingness to stand up for what is right, even in the face of overwhelming odds.

Amelia Boynton Robinson’s legacy continues to inspire new generations of activists and leaders. Her life’s work reminds us that the fight for civil rights and social justice is an ongoing journey, one that requires the same courage, commitment, and vision that she exemplified throughout her remarkable life.

Phyl Garland: Trailblazing Journalist, Music Critic, and Academic Pioneer

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Phyl Garland: Trailblazing Journalist, Music Critic, and Academic Pioneer

In the realm of journalism and academia, few figures stand as tall as Phyl Garland. Born Phyllis T. Garland in 1935, she blazed a trail for African American women in journalism, music criticism, and higher education. Her crowning achievement came in 1981 when she became the first African American and first woman to receive tenure at Columbia University’s prestigious School of Journalism.

Early Life and Education

Phyl Garland’s journey began in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, where she was born into a family that valued journalism and photography. Her father, Percy Garland, was among the first Black men to pursue industrial photography, while her mother, Hazel Garland, made history as the first African-American woman to serve as editor-in-chief of a nationally circulated newspaper chain.

Garland’s passion for journalism blossomed early. After graduating from McKeesport High School in 1953, she pursued her dreams at Northwestern University’s renowned Medill School of Journalism. In 1957, she earned her Bachelor of Science in Journalism, laying the foundation for an extraordinary career.

Breaking Ground in Journalism

Garland’s professional journey began at the Pittsburgh Courier, where she worked from 1957 to 1965. As both a reporter and editor, she covered pivotal events of the Civil Rights Movement, including the historic March on Washington. Her insightful reporting on racial issues in housing, education, and the arts earned her a Golden Quill Award in 1962.

In 1965, Garland joined Ebony Magazine as a contributing editor and music critic. By 1969, she had risen to the position of New York editor, a role she held until 1972. During this time, she also served as the Director of Editorial Operations at Johnson Publishing Company.

Music Criticism and Authorship

Phyl Garland

Garland’s expertise in Black music shone throughout her career. She contributed to numerous pop culture and music publications, including Stereo Review, where she wrote about Black pop music from 1978 to 1994.

In 1969, Garland published her seminal work, “The Sound of Soul: The Story of Black Music.” This book explored the rich history and cultural significance of Black music in America, cementing her status as a leading voice in music criticism.

Academic Trailblazer

Garland’s academic career began in 1971 when she became an assistant professor of Black Studies at the State University of New York at New Paltz. However, it was her move to Columbia University in 1973 that would make history.

In 1981, Garland achieved a monumental milestone: she became the first African American and the first woman to receive tenure at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism. This achievement broke significant barriers in higher education and journalism.

At Columbia, Garland taught courses on Cultural Affairs Reporting and Writing and advised student Masters projects. She was known for her rigorous teaching style, emphasizing thorough research and professional reporting in arts journalism. Garland also founded and administered the National Arts Journalism Program, bringing professional journalists to New York to study and write about the performing arts.

Legacy and Impact

Phyl Garland’s influence extended far beyond the classroom. She served on numerous boards, including the Jazzmobile (New York), the Rhythm and Blues Foundation, and the Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson Scholarship Funds. Her expertise and passion for Black music and culture inspired countless students and colleagues.

After her passing in 2006, Columbia University renamed their scholarship to the Black Alumni Network/Phyllis Garland Scholarship Fund in 2007, honoring her lasting impact on journalism education.

Connecting Garland to Ida B. Wells

While celebrating Garland’s achievements, it’s crucial to acknowledge the groundwork laid by earlier pioneers like Ida B. Wells. Born into slavery in 1862, Wells became a fearless investigative journalist, exposing the horrors of lynching in the post-Civil War South.

Wells pioneered many investigative techniques still used today, including on-the-ground research, eyewitness interviews, and meticulous record examination. Her courageous reporting, often at great personal risk, set a powerful precedent for using journalism as a tool for social change.

Both Garland and Wells exemplify the transformative power of journalism. Their work challenged societal norms, exposed injustices, and paved the way for future generations of journalists, particularly women and people of color.

Conclusion

Phyl Garland’s life and career serve as a testament to the power of perseverance and dedication. From her early days as a reporter covering the Civil Rights Movement to her groundbreaking tenure at Columbia University, Garland consistently pushed boundaries and opened doors for future generations of Black journalists and scholars.

Her legacy, along with that of pioneers like Ida B. Wells, continues to inspire and influence the fields of journalism, music criticism, and academia today. As we celebrate their achievements, we’re reminded of the ongoing importance of diverse voices in shaping our understanding of culture, society, and history.

Why Supporting Derek Automotive is More Than Just Buying a Car

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Why Supporting Derek Automotive is More Than Just Buying a Car

In today’s politically charged climate, our purchasing decisions carry more weight than ever. As consumers become increasingly aware of the social and political stances of major corporations, many are seeking alternatives that align with their values. Enter Derek Automotive, Atlanta’s groundbreaking Black-owned electric vehicle company, offering a compelling alternative in the EV market.

The Elon Musk Controversy: A Catalyst for Change

Recent years have seen Tesla CEO Elon Musk embroiled in political controversies, from his alignment with certain political figures to his contentious statements on social media. These actions have led many consumers to question their support for Tesla, despite its position as a leader in the EV industry.

This shift in public opinion presents a unique opportunity for conscious consumers to redirect their support towards companies that not only produce innovative products but also contribute positively to social equity and community development.

Derek Automotive: A Beacon of Innovation and Inclusion

Founded by visionary entrepreneur Derek W. Bailey, Derek Automotive stands as the first Black-owned electric vehicle company in the United States. This Atlanta-based firm is not just creating cars; it’s fostering a movement towards greater diversity and representation in the tech and automotive industries.

Key Features of Derek Automotive:

  1. Cutting-edge EV technology, including self-charging capabilities
  2. A range of vehicles from passenger cars to logistics solutions
  3. Commitment to sustainability and reducing carbon emissions
  4. Support for minority entrepreneurs and small businesses

The Power of Conscious Consumerism

By choosing to support Derek Automotive, consumers can:

  • Promote diversity in the tech and automotive industries
  • Contribute to closing the racial wealth gap
  • Support innovation in sustainable transportation
  • Encourage corporate social responsibility

The Broader Impact of Supporting Black-Owned Businesses

Choosing to support companies like Derek Automotive goes beyond just purchasing a vehicle. It’s about investing in a vision for a more equitable future. Black-owned businesses historically face greater challenges in securing funding and achieving scale. By directing consumer dollars towards these enterprises, we can help level the playing field and promote economic justice.

Derek Automotive’s Community Initiatives

Derek Automotive isn’t just focused on selling cars. The company has demonstrated a commitment to community development through:

  1. The Exceeder app, designed to help small business owners in the delivery industry
  2. Partnerships with local educational institutions to promote STEM education
  3. Job creation in the Atlanta area, particularly in underserved communities

The Future of EVs: Diversity and Innovation

As the EV market continues to grow, the importance of diverse voices and perspectives in shaping this industry cannot be overstated. Derek Automotive represents a new wave of innovators bringing fresh ideas and approaches to sustainable transportation.

A New Era for Electric Vehicles

In addition to its innovative technology and community-driven initiatives, Derek Automotive is also paving the way for a more inclusive automotive industry. By breaking down barriers and challenging traditional norms, the company is creating opportunities for underrepresented groups to participate in the EV revolution. This not only enriches the industry with diverse perspectives but also ensures that the benefits of sustainable transportation are accessible to everyone. As consumers, we have the power to accelerate this change by choosing to support companies like Derek Automotive that are committed to making a positive impact.

Conclusion: Drive Change with Your Choices

In a world where our purchasing decisions have far-reaching consequences, choosing to support Derek Automotive offers a way to align our values with our actions. By opting for a Derek Automotive vehicle, consumers aren’t just buying a car – they’re investing in a more diverse, equitable, and sustainable future for the automotive industry and beyond.

As we navigate the complex landscape of corporate social responsibility and political alignments, companies like Derek Automotive provide a beacon of hope and a tangible way to effect change. So, the next time you’re in the market for an EV, consider the broader impact of your choice. With Derek Automotive, you’re not just driving an innovative vehicle – you’re driving progress.

25 Influential Black Social Media Creators Shaping Our Culture Today

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25 Influential Black Social Media Creators Shaping Our Culture Today

Social media has become a powerful platform for creativity, activism, and cultural expression, and Black creators are leading the charge in shaping trends and driving meaningful conversations. From entertainment to advocacy, these influencers are redefining digital spaces with authenticity and innovation. Here’s a list of 25 influential Black social media creators who are making waves in 2025.

Why Black Creators Matter in Social Media

Black creators bring unique perspectives that resonate globally. Their ability to blend personal experiences with universal themes has transformed platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube into spaces of empowerment and inspiration. Whether it’s through viral dances, educational content, or advocacy campaigns, their contributions are invaluable.

The Influencers You Should Know

  1. Marques Brownlee (@mkbhd)

Marques Brownlee, born on December 3, 1993, is a prominent tech reviewer and YouTuber. Known as MKBHD, he has built a massive following of over 19.6 million subscribers on his main YouTube channel as of 20241. Brownlee’s content focuses on high-quality tech reviews, interviews with industry leaders, and insightful commentary on the latest gadgets and technology trends.

Key achievements:

  • Starred in “Retro Tech,” a YouTube Original series exploring iconic gadgets
  • Received an honorary doctorate from Stevens Institute of Technology in 2024
  • Named one of the “AI Creators You Need to Know” by Edelman
  • Professional ultimate frisbee player, winning championships with teams like New York Empire and New York PoNY

2. Tabitha Brown (@iamtabithabrown)

Tabitha Brown is an Emmy award-winning actress, New York Times bestselling author, and social media sensation with nearly 10 million followers on TikTok and Instagram2. Known as “America’s Mom,” she’s recognized for her unique approach to veganism and relatable humor.

Notable accomplishments:

  • Host of shows on the Food Network and Ellen Digital Network
  • Starred in Showtime’s “The Chi”
  • Released “I Did A New Thing: 30 Days to Living Free,” her latest NYT bestseller
  • Launched a limited-edition collaboration with Target, featuring home goods, kitchen tools, and vegan pantry staples
  • Co-founder of the healthy haircare line Donna’s Recipe

3. Wisdom Kaye (@wisdomkaye)

Wisdom Kaye, born on April 4, 2001, is a Nigerian-American model and social media personality known for his fashion-related content3. Vogue has dubbed him “TikTok’s best-dressed guy.”

Career highlights:

  • Scouted by IMG Models via their social media team
  • Made his runway debut at Balmain’s S/S 2022 fashion show
  • Worked with major brands like Dior, Fendi, Ralph Lauren, and Coach New York
  • Went viral for creating high-fashion outfits based on Marvel Cinematic Universe characters
  • Featured on Teen Vogue’s “21 Under 21” list in 2021 and Forbes’s “30 Under 30” in 2023
  • Boasts over 6 million followers on Instagram and 12.2 million on TikTok as of August 2024

4. Jackie Aina (@jackieaina)

Jackie Aina, born in 1987, is a prominent beauty and wellness creator known for her authenticity and advocacy for BIPOC representation in the beauty industry4.

Career milestones:

  • Started as a makeup artist after obtaining her cosmetologist certificate
  • Gained popularity on YouTube with makeup tutorials targeting people of color
  • Collaborated with major brands like e.l.f. Cosmetics, Sigma Beauty, Too Faced, and Anastasia Beverly Hills
  • Instrumental in expanding Too Faced’s foundation range from about two dozen shades to 35
  • Co-founder of the healthy haircare line Donna’s Recipe
  • Launched various product lines with Target, including popular McCormick seasoning blends

5. Khaby Lame (@khaby00)

Khaby Lame, 24, is the most-followed individual on TikTok, with 162 million followers as of 20245. Born in Senegal and raised in Italy, he rose to fame during the pandemic with his silent comedy skits.

Recent developments:

  • Earned $16.5 million in deals in 2023
  • Partnered with brands like Google, State Farm, and Pepsi
  • Featured as a character in the popular video game “Fortnite”
  • Ambassador for fashion company Hugo Boss
  • Collaborated with celebrities like Naomi Campbell and Robert Downey Jr.
  • Set to star in “00Khaby,” a comedy spy movie, with filming starting in July 2024
  • Aspires to expand his career in cinema, both as an actor and writer

6. Brittany Packnett Cunningham (@mspackyetti)

Brittany Packnett Cunningham is a prominent activist, educator, and writer working at the intersection of culture and justice. Born on November 12, 1984, she has become a leading voice in social change and empowerment6.

Key achievements and roles:

  • NBC News and MSNBC contributor
  • Host of the podcast “UNDISTRACTED”
  • Founder and Principal of Love & Power Works, a social impact agency
  • Former co-host of “Pod Save The People,” named iHeart Radio’s Best Political Podcast of 2019
  • Member of President Obama’s 21st Century Policing Task Force and the Ferguson Commission
  • Vice President of Social Impact at BET37

Recent activities:

  • Published “We Are Like Those Who Dream,” a collection of speeches by famous Black women, in 20245
  • Continues to speak out against racism and injustices, recently pulling her podcast from Spotify in protest of Joe Rogan’s content58
  • Graced the cover of British Vogue in September 20204

7. Jalaiah Harmon (@jalaiahharmon)

Jalaiah Harmon is an American dancer and content creator from Fayetteville, Georgia, best known for choreographing the viral Renegade Dance on TikTok9.

Key facts:

  • Created the Renegade Dance in September 2019 to K Camp’s song “Lottery”
  • Initially posted the dance on Funimate and Instagram before it spread to TikTok
  • The dance went viral, becoming one of the most popular on TikTok in 2020
  • Initially struggled to receive credit for her creation as other creators gained popularity from the dance
  • Eventually recognized as the original creator after a New York Times feature

Career developments:

  • Professional dancer and content creator
  • Her story highlighted issues of proper attribution and credit for Black creators on social media platforms
  • Gained recognition and opportunities after being identified as the Renegade Dance creator

8. Ava DuVernay (@ava)

Ava DuVernay is an acclaimed filmmaker, director, and producer known for her groundbreaking work in film and television.

Notable works:

  • Directed “Selma” (2014), becoming the first Black female director to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award
  • Created and executive produced the television series “Queen Sugar” (2016-2022)
  • Directed “A Wrinkle in Time” (2018), making her the first woman of color to direct a live-action film with a budget over $100 million
  • Created the miniseries “When They See Us” (2019), which earned critical acclaim and multiple Emmy nominations

Recent projects:

  • Directed and produced “Origin” (2023), based on the book “Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents” by Isabel Wilkerson
  • Continues to use her social media platforms to amplify diverse voices and advocate for social justice causes

9. Coco Bassey (@cocobassey)

C

oco Bassey is a lifestyle influencer and content creator known for her fashion, beauty, and travel content.

Key aspects of her work:

  • Blends luxury fashion with accessible style tips
  • Shares content celebrating her Nigerian heritage
  • Focuses on creating aspirational yet relatable lifestyle content

Recent developments:

  • Collaborated with major fashion and beauty brands
  • Expanded her content to include more travel and cultural experiences
  • Growing presence on Instagram and YouTube, with a focus on high-quality visual content

10. Dayna Bolden (@daynabolden)

Dayna Bolden is a lifestyle influencer focusing on beauty, self-care, and living boldly. She inspires women to embrace their individuality through her content on TikTok and Instagram.

Key aspects:

  • Known as a “Boss Mom,” she shares practical tips on lifestyle and self-care.
  • Collaborates with beauty brands to promote products that align with her values.
  • Has a growing presence on TikTok, where she engages with her audience through interactive content.

Recent developments:

  • Expanding her brand to include more lifestyle and wellness content.
  • Partnering with brands to create sponsored content that resonates with her audience.

11. Michaela Coel (@michaelacoel)

Michaela Coel is a British actress, writer, and producer known for her groundbreaking work in television. She is best recognized for creating and starring in the BBC series “I May Destroy You,” which earned her numerous awards.

Key achievements:

  • Won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress and Best Writer for “I May Destroy You.”
  • Featured in Time Magazine‘s 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2021.
  • Uses her platform to discuss social issues and promote diversity in media.

Recent projects:

  • Continues to advocate for more representation in the entertainment industry.
  • Collaborates with other creatives to produce impactful storytelling.

12. Faith NYC (@faithnyc)

Faith NYC is an artist and content creator who focuses on faith-based content. She uses her platform to uplift and inspire her audience through stories of faith and resilience.

Key highlights:

  • Known for her positive and uplifting messages on social media.
  • Collaborates with other faith-based influencers to create engaging content.
  • Expanding her reach by sharing personal stories and experiences.

Recent developments:

  • Partnering with faith-based organizations to amplify her message.
  • Creating content that bridges spirituality with everyday life.

13. Michelle Williams (@michellewilliams)

Michelle Williams is a singer, actress, and mental health advocate. She rose to fame as a member of Destiny’s Child and has since become a prominent voice in the entertainment industry.

Key achievements:

  • Starred in Broadway productions like “Chicago” and “Aida.”
  • Advocates for mental health awareness, using her platform to share her personal struggles and recovery journey.
  • Collaborates with brands to promote wellness and self-care.

Recent projects:

  • Continues to perform and act while focusing on mental health advocacy.
  • Partners with organizations to support mental health initiatives.

14. Notkarltonbanks (@notkarltonbanks)

Not Karlton Banks is a comedian and content creator known for his humorous takes on social issues. He uses his platform to address serious topics with humor and insight.

Key highlights:

  • Known for his comedic sketches that tackle racism and social justice.
  • Collaborates with other comedians to create impactful content.
  • Expanding his reach by engaging with his audience through interactive videos.

Recent developments:

  • Partnering with brands to create sponsored content that aligns with his comedic style.
  • Creating content that challenges societal norms through humor.

15. Nyma Tang (@nymatang)

Nyma Tang is a beauty influencer and advocate who challenges the beauty industry to prioritize inclusivity. She is known for her “The Darkest Shade” series, which reviews makeup products for darker skin tones.

Key achievements:

  • Collaborated with major brands like MAC Cosmetics to promote diversity.
  • Advocates for better representation of darker skin tones in advertising.
  • Uses her platform to educate followers on colorism and beauty standards.

Recent projects:

  • Continues to work with brands to expand their product offerings for diverse skin tones.
  • Partners with other influencers to amplify the message of inclusivity in beauty.

These influencers represent a diverse range of talents and passions, from lifestyle and beauty to entertainment and advocacy. They continue to inspire and shape cultural conversations through their unique perspectives and creative content.

16. Shermann “Dilla” Thomas (@6figga_dilla)

Shermann “Dilla” Thomas is a Chicago-based urban historian and TikTok creator who has gained widespread recognition for his engaging and educational content about Chicago’s history. Known as the “TikTok Historian,” Dilla uses his platform to share fascinating stories about Chicago’s neighborhoods, landmarks, and cultural contributions, often highlighting Black history.

Key achievements:

  • Named the 2022 Tourism Ambassador of the Year by Choose Chicago.
  • Appointed Brand Ambassador and Chief of Social Media for the DuSable Black History Museum and Education Center in 2025.
  • Conducts Chicago Mahogany Tours, offering immersive experiences about Chicago’s history.
  • Featured on national platforms like The Today Show and NPR.

Why he’s influential: Dilla’s ability to make history accessible and relatable has helped him build a loyal following while changing perceptions about Chicago. His work bridges education, culture, and storytelling, making him a standout creator.

17. Jessica Nabongo (@thecatchmeifyoucan)

Jessica Nabongo is a travel influencer, author, and entrepreneur who made history as the first Black woman to visit every country in the world. Her Instagram account documents her global adventures, offering insights into diverse cultures while promoting inclusivity in travel.

Key achievements:

  • Published a bestselling book, The Catch Me If You Can, chronicling her journey to all 195 countries.
  • Collaborates with major travel brands to promote sustainable tourism.
  • Advocates for representation in the travel industry by highlighting underrepresented destinations.

Why she’s influential: Jessica’s content inspires people to explore the world while embracing cultural diversity. Her storytelling challenges stereotypes about Black travelers and encourages others to dream big.

18. Kalen Allen (@thekalenallen)

Kalen Allen is a comedian, actor, and social media personality who rose to fame through his hilarious food reaction videos on YouTube. He later became a regular contributor on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and has since expanded his career into acting and advocacy.

Key achievements:

  • Starred in films and TV shows, including An American Pickle (2020).
  • Uses his platform to advocate for LGBTQ+ rights and racial equality.
  • Hosts his own podcast, OMKalen, where he discusses pop culture and social issues.

Why he’s influential: Kalen’s infectious personality and comedic talent have earned him millions of followers across platforms. His ability to balance entertainment with advocacy makes him a powerful voice in digital media.

19. Eunique Jones Gibson (@euniquejg)

Eunique Jones Gibson is an entrepreneur, photographer, and activist best known for creating the Because of Them We Can campaign, which celebrates Black excellence through photography and storytelling. Her work combines creativity with activism to inspire future generations.

Key achievements:

  • Founded Because of Them We Can, a media platform highlighting Black achievements.
  • Launched campaigns that celebrate cultural milestones like Black History Month and Juneteenth.
  • Advocates for representation in media through her creative projects.

Why she’s influential: Eunique’s work empowers communities by showcasing positive narratives about Black culture. Her ability to combine art with activism has made her a trailblazer in digital storytelling.

20. Jay Versace (@jayversace)

Jay Versace is a comedian, music producer, and social media influencer who first gained fame on Vine before transitioning to platforms like Instagram and Twitter. Known for his quirky humor and unique personality, Jay has also made waves as a Grammy-winning music producer.

Key achievements:

  • Produced tracks for artists like Tyler, The Creator on Grammy-winning albums (Call Me If You Get Lost).
  • Transitioned from comedy into music production while maintaining his social media presence.
  • Advocates for mental health awareness and creative expression among young people.

Why he’s influential: Jay’s versatility as both an entertainer and music producer highlights his creative range. His ability to reinvent himself while staying authentic resonates with audiences across generations.

These creators continue to shape culture through their unique talents, perspectives, and contributions across various industries—from history and travel to comedy and activism. They inspire millions while driving meaningful conversations online.

21. Evelyn from the Internets (@evelynfromtheinternet)

Evelyn Ngugi, known as “Evelyn from the Internets,” is a digital content creator, writer, and actress.

Key achievements:

  • Known for her witty commentary on pop culture and social issues
  • Collaborated with major brands like Google and Netflix
  • Featured in Forbes 30 Under 30 list for Media in 2019
  • Hosts the podcast “Say Your Mind”

Why she’s influential: Evelyn’s relatable humor and insightful commentary on Black culture and millennial life resonate with a wide audience.

22. Donovan Ramsey (@donovanxramsey)

Donovan Ramsey is a journalist and author focusing on issues of race, politics, and culture.

Key achievements:

  • Author of “When Crack Was King: A People’s History of a Misunderstood Era”
  • Contributor to publications like The New York Times, GQ, and The Atlantic
  • Known for in-depth reporting on social justice issues

Why he’s influential: Ramsey’s work brings critical conversations about race and politics to social media, educating and engaging his followers.

23. Franchesca Ramsey (@chescaleigh)

Franchesca Ramsey is a writer, actress, and video blogger known for her socially conscious content.

Key achievements:

  • Former host of MTV’s “Decoded”
  • Author of “Well, That Escalated Quickly: Memoirs and Mistakes of an Accidental Activist”
  • Creates content addressing racism, sexism, and other social issues

Why she’s influential: Ramsey’s ability to tackle complex social issues with humor and accessibility makes her a powerful voice in online activism.

24. Rickey Thompson (@rickeythompson)

Rickey Thompson is a comedian, actor, and social media personality known for his energetic and positive content.

Key achievements:

Why he’s influential: Thompson’s upbeat personality and LGBTQ+ representation make him a beloved figure, especially among Gen Z audiences.

25. Yara Shahidi (@yarashahidi)

Yara Shahidi is an actress, model, and activist known for her roles in “Black-ish” and “Grown-ish.”

Key achievements:

  • Founded Eighteen x 18, an initiative to increase youth voter turnout
  • Named to TIME Magazine’s 30 Most Influential Teens list multiple times
  • Uses her platform to advocate for diversity in media and social justice causes

Why she’s influential: Shahidi’s combination of acting talent and passionate activism makes her a role model for young people engaged in social causes.

Conclusion

These 25 influential Black social media creators are redefining digital spaces with authenticity and innovation. From tech and beauty to advocacy and entertainment, they inspire millions while driving meaningful conversations. Their impact extends beyond the digital realm, shaping industries and challenging stereotypes. They remind us that social media can be a powerful tool for education, empowerment, and community building. Follow them to stay inspired and connected with the voices shaping our culture today!

Uncovering the Complex Legacy: Massachusetts Body of Liberties and Black History

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Uncovering the Complex Legacy: Massachusetts Body of Liberties and Black History

I just taught a freshman Black studies class at a university about the Massachusetts Body of Liberitis and I’d like to share some lesser-known facts about the Massachusetts Body of Liberties and its relationship to Black history and slavery that I taught the class. This document, adopted in 1641, played a significant role in shaping the legal landscape of colonial Massachusetts, including its stance on slavery. Let’s explore some intriguing details that you may not have encountered before.

20 Unknown or Interesting Facts about the Massachusetts Body of Liberties

  1. The Massachusetts Body of Liberties was the first legal code established by European colonists in New England, setting a precedent for future colonial legislation5.
  2. Contrary to popular belief, the Body of Liberties legalized slavery in Massachusetts, making it the first English colony in North America to do so14.
  3. The document’s provision for slavery was included in its “liberties of foreigners and strangers,” ironically categorizing enslaved individuals under a section ostensibly about rights1.
  4. The Body of Liberties allowed for the enslavement of individuals who were “taken in just wars” or who willingly sold themselves1.
  5. This legal framework created a system of race-based, chattel slavery that was hereditary, setting the stage for generations of enslaved individuals1.
  6. The document’s legalization of slavery stood in stark contrast to its purported aim of protecting individual liberties5.
  7. Over the next 150 years following the Body of Liberties, Bostonians repeatedly revisited and refined their understanding of slavery within this legal framework1.
  8. The Body of Liberties’ stance on slavery influenced other New England colonies, contributing to the spread of legalized slavery in the region2.
  9. Despite legalizing slavery, Massachusetts never developed a comprehensive slave code like those found in the Middle and Southern colonies2.
  10. This lack of a comprehensive code created legal ambiguities that enslaved individuals could sometimes exploit in their quest for freedom2.
  11. The Body of Liberties allowed enslaved individuals in Massachusetts access to the courts, a right not typically granted in other colonies2.
  12. This legal access led to an increase in freedom suits after 1760, with several enslaved individuals successfully suing for their freedom2.
  13. The document’s provisions indirectly contributed to Massachusetts having more free Black people than enslaved individuals by the end of the American Revolution3.
  14. The legal framework established by the Body of Liberties eventually led to the abolition of slavery in Massachusetts in 1783, earlier than many other states3.
  15. The document’s legacy includes both the shameful legalization of slavery and the legal tools that eventually helped dismantle the institution4.
  16. The Body of Liberties influenced later petitions by enslaved individuals in Massachusetts, who used similar language of rights and liberties in their appeals for freedom4.
  17. The document’s contradictory nature – promoting liberties while allowing slavery – reflects the complex and often hypocritical attitudes towards freedom in colonial America7.
  18. The Body of Liberties’ provision for slavery was used to justify the participation of Massachusetts in the transatlantic slave trade, including the infamous Middle Passage7.
  19. The document’s influence extended beyond slavery, shaping laws that controlled the movements and behaviors of both enslaved and free Black individuals in Massachusetts4.
  20. The legacy of the Body of Liberties continued to impact race relations in Massachusetts long after the abolition of slavery, contributing to ongoing struggles for civil rights3.

In conclusion, the Massachusetts Body of Liberties presents a complex and often contradictory legacy in Black history. While it shamefully legalized slavery, it also provided some legal recourse for enslaved individuals that was unique in colonial America. This document serves as a stark reminder of the long and difficult journey towards freedom and equality, a journey that continues to this day. As we study this history, we must remain critical and aware of the lasting impacts of such early legal frameworks on our society.

The Massachusetts Body of Liberties, adopted in 1641, had significant connections to the Bible and churches:

Biblical Influence

  1. The document drew inspiration from Scripture, particularly in its list of capital crimes based on the Ten Commandments1.
  2. Many of the liberties established were explicitly cited as originating from biblical sources5.
  3. The justification for slavery in Passage 91 was likely based on interpretations of New Testament passages5.

Church Liberties

The Body of Liberties granted several specific freedoms to churches:

  1. Churches had full liberty to exercise all ordinances of God according to Scripture2.
  2. Churches were given free liberty of election and ordination of their officers24.
  3. Churches had freedom to admit, recommend, dismiss, or expel members and officers28.
  4. No injunctions were to be put upon churches in matters of doctrine, worship, or discipline2.
  5. Churches had the liberty to celebrate days of fasting, prayer, and thanksgiving2.
  6. Church elders were given freedom to meet for conferences and consultations2.

Relationship Between Civil Authority and Churches

The document also addressed the relationship between civil authority and churches:

  1. Civil authority had the power to ensure peace and observance of Christ’s ordinances in churches, but only in a civil, not ecclesiastical, manner4.
  2. No church censure could degrade or remove a person from civil office or authority4.
  3. Civil authority retained the power to deal with church members in matters of civil justice4.

The Massachusetts Body of Liberties reflected the strong influence of Puritan religious beliefs on early American governance, blending biblical principles with civil law7. This document laid important groundwork for future American concepts of religious liberty and separation of church and state.

As a Black American and a Christian, I find it appalling that the Bible—a sacred text meant to inspire love, justice, and liberation—was twisted to justify the enslavement and dehumanization of my ancestors. The same Scriptures that speak of freedom for the oppressed and the inherent dignity of all people were manipulated to uphold systems of racial oppression. It’s a painful reminder of how faith can be weaponized when taken out of context, and it challenges us to reclaim the true message of the Gospel: one of equality, compassion, and justice for all.

Citations:

  1. https://www.boston.gov/departments/archaeology/boston-slavery-exhibit
  2. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=ljh
  3. https://www.nps.gov/articles/bostonafam.htm
  4. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/slavery-and-law-in-early-ma.htm
  5. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-body-of-liberties
  6. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-S20-PURL-gpo5529/pdf/GOVPUB-S20-PURL-gpo5529.pdf
  7. https://www.bpl.org/blogs/post/black-history-month-its-founder-and-civil-rights-roots-in-massachusetts/
  8. https://legacyofslavery.harvard.edu/report/slavery-in-new-england-and-at-harvard
  9. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/the-massachusetts-body-of-liberties/

John Punch: A Pivotal Figure in the Evolution of American Slavery

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John Punch: A Pivotal Figure in the Evolution of American Slavery

As we explore Black history and the Black History timeline, we come across John Punch, a man whose life and legal destiny would influence the development of slavery in the United States. Although there is still much to learn about his personal life, his case has had a significant impact on colonial America’s racial dynamics which has persisted for generations in America.

The Man Behind the Name

John Punch was likely born in the early 1600s, possibly in West Africa1. Like many Africans of his time, he was brought to the Virginia colony in the 1630s, where he worked as an indentured servant for farmer Hugh Gwyn1. This era was characterized by a labor shortage in the colonies, and indentured servitude was a common practice for both Europeans and Africans seeking passage to America1.

The Fateful Escape and Its Consequences

In 1640, Punch and two white European indentured servants made a daring escape from Gwyn’s farm1. Their bid for freedom was short-lived, as authorities captured them in Maryland and brought them back to Jamestown for trial1. The court’s decision in July of that year would prove to be a watershed moment in American legal history.

All three men received 30 lashes as punishment. However, the court’s ruling diverged significantly when it came to additional penalties. The two white servants had their indentures extended by four years – one extra year for Gwyn and three for the colony1. Punch, on the other hand, received a much harsher sentence: he was ordered to remain a servant for life1.

The Significance of the Punch Verdict

The John Punch case represents a critical juncture in the transition from indentured servitude to racial slavery in colonial America2. It is considered by many historians to be the first legal distinction between Europeans and Africans in the colonies, setting a precedent for the racial basis of slavery that would define American society for centuries to come25.

This decision marked the first known instance of a court imposing lifetime slavery on an individual in the Chesapeake region4. The National Park Service acknowledges Punch as the “first documented slave for life” in colonial America, despite the already “customary practice to hold some Negroes in a form of life service”5.

The Ripple Effects of Racial Distinction

The Punch verdict set in motion a series of legal changes that would codify racial slavery in Virginia and beyond. By 1661, slavery entered Virginia law, distinguishing between white and black servants in the context of fleeing servitude2. The following year, laws began to determine the status of children based on their mother’s condition, further entrenching the racial basis of slavery2.

These legal shifts culminated in the comprehensive slave codes of 1705, which not only codified African Americans into slavery but also restricted interracial relations to maintain the racial purity that underpinned the slave system2.

The Legacy of John Punch

While Punch’s personal story ends with his sentencing, his legacy extends far beyond his lifetime. Genealogical research suggests that Punch married a white woman, likely another indentured servant, and fathered a son named John Bunch around 16374. This union represents one of the earliest documented interracial marriages in colonial America, adding another layer of complexity to Punch’s story and the evolving racial dynamics of the time.

In a surprising twist of history, ancestry research in 2012 suggested that John Punch might be a twelfth-generation great-grandfather of President Barack Obama through his mother’s lineage5. This connection, if accurate, provides a poignant illustration of the complex and often painful history of race in America, linking a president to one of the earliest victims of institutionalized racism in the colonies.

Reflections on Punch’s Place in History

As we consider John Punch’s story, we’re reminded of the arbitrary and constructed nature of racial categories. Here was a man who, due to the color of his skin, received a fundamentally different punishment than his fellow escapees. This single court decision helped lay the groundwork for a system of racial oppression that would persist for centuries.

Yet, Punch’s story is not just one of victimhood. It’s a testament to the human spirit’s yearning for freedom, even in the face of overwhelming odds. His attempt to escape, though unsuccessful, speaks to the innate desire for liberty that has driven countless individuals throughout history.

As we continue to grapple with the long-lasting effects of slavery and systemic racism in our society, stories like John Punch’s serve as crucial reminders of where these systems originated. They challenge us to confront our past honestly and to work tirelessly towards a more just and equitable future.

In the end, John Punch’s life, though only glimpsed through the lens of a single court decision, stands as a powerful symbol of the complex, often tragic history of race in America. It’s a history we must continue to study, understand, and learn from as we strive to build a society that truly lives up to its ideals of equality and justice for all.

Citations:

  1. https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/John-Punch/633300
  2. https://vincenttriola.net/the-importance-of-the-john-punch-verdict-97075e9795f7
  3. https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=452
  4. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Punch-51
  5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Punch_(slave)
  6. https://warehouse.emediava.org/media/a4/93/a49309bd-de99-475f-85a1-612e74acb3ac.pdf
  7. https://www.seattleschools.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/A01_20200624_Resolution-1920-38-Affirming-SPS-Committment-to-Black-students_Updated20200624.pdf
  8. https://kids.kiddle.co/John_Punch_(slave)
  9. https://lightskinnededgirl.typepad.com/my_weblog/2014/05/mixed-experience-history-month-john-punch-first-documented-slave.html

25 Interesting and Unknown Facts about Hattie McDaniel

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25 Interesting and Unknown Facts about Hattie McDaniel

Hattie McDaniel was a trailblazing African American actress who made history as the first Black person to win an Academy Award. Her groundbreaking achievement came in 1940 when she received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mammy in “Gone with the Wind.” McDaniel’s life and career were marked by both triumphs and challenges, as she navigated the complex racial landscape of early 20th century America and Hollywood.

  1. Hattie McDaniel was born on June 10, 1893, in Wichita, Kansas, to formerly enslaved parents15.
  2. She was the youngest of 13 children, but only seven survived to adulthood due to poverty and malnutrition3.
  3. As a baby, McDaniel weighed just over three pounds due to her family’s impoverished circumstances3.
  4. Her mother would give her nickels to stop singing and dancing as a child, foreshadowing her future in entertainment3.
  5. McDaniel left school in 1910 to become a performer in traveling minstrel groups5.
  6. She founded The McDaniel Sisters Company minstrel show with her sister Etta in 19141.
  7. McDaniel was one of the first Black women to sing on radio in the United States1.
  8. During the Great Depression, she worked as a washroom attendant at Sam Pick’s Club Madrid near Milwaukee1.
  9. Her radio persona “Hi-Hat Hattie” was a bossy maid character that became popular1.
  10. McDaniel appeared in over 300 films but received on-screen credits for only 831.
  11. She made her film debut in “The Golden West” (1932) as a house servant1.
  12. McDaniel joined the Screen Actors Guild in 19341.
  13. She won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress on February 29, 1940, becoming the first African American to win an Academy Award5.
  14. At the Oscars ceremony, McDaniel had to sit at a segregated table at the side of the room due to racial segregation1.
  15. She was unable to attend the premiere of “Gone with the Wind” in Atlanta because it was held in a whites-only theater1.
  16. McDaniel has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame1.
  17. She was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 19751.
  18. In 2006, McDaniel became the first Black Oscar winner to be honored with a U.S. postage stamp1.
  19. She was inducted into the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame in 20101.
  20. McDaniel recorded 16 blues songs between 1926 and 19291.
  21. She was the first Black woman to sing on radio in the United States1.
  22. During her early career in Hollywood, McDaniel often worked as a real maid to supplement her low acting income3.
  23. Her final wish to be buried in Hollywood Cemetery was denied because the graveyard was reserved for whites only at the time of her death1.
  24. McDaniel donated generously to educational causes, including the NAACP and scholarships for her sorority, Sigma Gamma Rho9.
  25. She had her own radio series called “Beulah” later in her career9.

Additional Facts

  1. Early Musical Career: McDaniel began her career in music, performing in minstrel shows and eventually becoming one of the first Black women to sing on American radio. This early exposure helped her gain recognition and paved the way for her acting career13.
  2. Radio Career: She was known as “Hi-Hat Hattie” on radio, a persona that became popular for her comedic and musical talents. This role helped her transition into film and television13.
  3. Philanthropy: McDaniel was known for her generosity, particularly in supporting educational causes and scholarships. Her contributions to organizations like the NAACP reflect her commitment to advancing opportunities for African Americans4.
  4. Personal Life Challenges: McDaniel faced numerous personal challenges, including several marriages and health issues. Despite these challenges, she remained a resilient figure in Hollywood6.
  5. Legacy Beyond Film: In addition to her film career, McDaniel’s legacy extends to her impact on radio and television. She was a trailblazer in these mediums as well, breaking barriers for future generations of Black performers57.
  6. Racial Barriers: Throughout her career, McDaniel faced significant racial barriers, including segregation at the Oscars and being barred from attending the premiere of “Gone with the Wind” in Atlanta. These experiences highlight the challenges she overcame to achieve success34.
  7. Posthumous Honors: McDaniel was honored with a U.S. postage stamp in 2006, recognizing her as the first Black Oscar winner. This honor underscores her lasting impact on American culture37.
  8. Family and Relatives: McDaniel came from a family with a strong background in music and performance. Her siblings, including Etta and Sam McDaniel, were also involved in the entertainment industry57.
  9. Impact on Future Generations: McDaniel’s achievements have inspired many actors and actresses of color. Her legacy continues to motivate those seeking to break into the entertainment industry46.
  10. Biographical Projects: There have been efforts to create a biopic about McDaniel’s life, highlighting her journey and contributions to Hollywood. This would further cement her place in history4.

Conclusion

Hattie McDaniel’s life and career were defined by her resilience, talent, and determination to succeed in an industry and society that often sought to limit her opportunities. From her humble beginnings in Kansas to her historic Oscar win, McDaniel broke barriers and paved the way for future generations of Black actors and actresses in Hollywood. Despite facing racism and segregation throughout her career, she continued to perform and advocate for better roles for African American performers.

McDaniel’s legacy extends beyond her Oscar win. She was a multifaceted entertainer who excelled in singing, acting, and radio performance. Her contributions to the entertainment industry helped to slowly change perceptions and open doors for other Black performers. While some criticized her for playing stereotypical roles, McDaniel viewed her work as a step towards greater representation and opportunity for African Americans in film.

Today, Hattie McDaniel is remembered not only as a talented actress but as a pioneer who made history in the face of adversity. Her achievements continue to inspire actors and actresses of color, and her story serves as a reminder of both how far Hollywood has come in terms of diversity and representation, and how much work still remains to be done.

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